Recent rubella epidemiology, including congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), shows global disparities and recurring outbreaks in areas of suboptimal vaccine coverage. Surveillance data through October 2025 highlight continued virus circulation in several regions, with CRS cases serving as sentinel indicators of persistent immunity gaps. Global rubella and CRS trends (2024–2025) Rubella circulation has markedly declined in regions maintaining high vaccination coverage. Between March 2024 and February 2025, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reported 49 rubella cases across 30 EU/EEA countries, with no deaths from rubella or CRS. Most infections occurred in Germany, Poland, Sweden, and Italy, while 22 of 30 countries reported zero local cases, signaling ongoing progress toward elimination. In Africa, surveillance in South Africa (January–July 2025) documented 409 laboratory-confirmed cases, with sustained transmission in the Ngaka Modiri Molema District (Northwest Province) and Namakwa District (Northern Cape Province). Most cases occurred in children aged 1–15 years, especially 5–9 years,...
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